Role of Gut Microbiota in the Aetiology of Obesity: Proposed Mechanisms and Review of the Literature
نویسندگان
چکیده
The aetiology of obesity has been attributed to several factors (environmental, dietary, lifestyle, host, and genetic factors); however none of these fully explain the increase in the prevalence of obesity worldwide. Gut microbiota located at the interface of host and environment in the gut are a new area of research being explored to explain the excess accumulation of energy in obese individuals and may be a potential target for therapeutic manipulation to reduce host energy storage. Several mechanisms have been suggested to explain the role of gut microbiota in the aetiology of obesity such as short chain fatty acid production, stimulation of hormones, chronic low-grade inflammation, lipoprotein and bile acid metabolism, and increased endocannabinoid receptor system tone. However, evidence from animal and human studies clearly indicates controversies in determining the cause or effect relationship between the gut microbiota and obesity. Metagenomics based studies indicate that functionality rather than the composition of gut microbiota may be important. Further mechanistic studies controlling for environmental and epigenetic factors are therefore required to help unravel obesity pathogenesis.
منابع مشابه
Interaction between Intestinal Microbiota and Serotonin Metabolism
Gut microbiota regulates the production of signaling molecules, such as serotonin or 5-Hydroxytryptamine: 5-HT in the host. Serotonin is a biogenic amine that acts as a neurotransmitter in the gut and brain. There is a perfect interaction between human gastrointestinal microbiota and the serotonin system. The gut microbiota plays an important role in the serotonin signaling pathways through the...
متن کاملThe Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Cognitive Disorders
Cognitive disorders are one of the major public health issues in older population worldwide. Problems in forming and storing new memories, short-term memory impairment, and other cognitive problems are common symptoms of cognitive disorders that have no definite treatment yet. Recent studies have shown an association between gut microbiota and cognitive impairments described as microbiota-gut-...
متن کاملRole of Gut Microbiome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder that affects 8-13% of women at reproductive age worldwide. This disorder is usually associated with menstrual disorders, infertility, obesity, and insulin resistance. The underlying cause of this syndrome is unknown, however in recent years, researchers have shown an association between intestinal microbiota alterations )dysbiosi...
متن کاملP177: The Human Microbiome and PTSD, the Mechanisms of Interaction-A Narrative Review
present therapeutic methods for PTSD are not efficient enough to reduce or disappear all the symptoms.several peripheral factors can affect developing and treating PTSD, such as human microbiota. There is a growing volume of evidence showing the effect of gut microbiota on brain and behaviour.PTSD is associated with an inflammatory state in blood, brain and cerebrospinal fluid.also, there is ev...
متن کاملClinical application of gut microbiota metabolites: A novel opportunity in personalized medicine
Nowadays, metabolomics studies are performed with different approaches to identify biomarkers, clarify the underlying mechanisms of diseases and achieve novel treatment strategies. In this context, gut microbiota-derived metabolites are known as one of the most important mediators of gut microbiota effects on human health and various diseases. Due to the inefficiency of conventional therapies i...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
دوره 2016 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2016